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Jesus H. Christ
Jesus H. Christ is a common phrase used to refer to the religious figure Jesus Christ. It is a vulgarism and is uttered in anger, surprise, or frustration, though sometimes also with humorous intent.〔Examples of both angry and humorous usages have been provided by the volunteer contributors to the (Urban Dictionary ).〕〔The humor resides in the apparently arbitrary choice of "H", which has no Biblical justification. In addition, as Horberry (2010:26) points out, use of a middle initial would imply that "Christ" was Jesus's last name; it is not; for discussion, see Jesus.〕 It is not used in the context of Christian worship.
==History==
The earliest use of the phrase is unknown, but in his autobiography, Mark Twain (1835-1910) observed that it was in general use even in his childhood.〔"In that day, the common swearers of the region (around his home town of Hannibal ) had a way of their own of ''emphasizing'' the Savior's name when they were using it profanely". The context of Twain's remark (given here in the main text) makes it clear that he was referring to "Jesus H. Christ". Source: Harriet Elinor Smith, ed. (2010) ''The autobiography of Mark Twain''. Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 458.〕 Twain refers to an episode from 1847, when he was working as a printer's apprentice; Smith (1994) tells the tale thus:
() recounts a practical joke a friend played on a revival preacher when Twain was an apprentice in a printing shop that Alexander Campbell, a famous evangelist then visiting Hannibal, hired to print a pamphlet of his sermon. While checking the galleys, Twain's fellow apprentice, Wales McCormick, found he had to make room for some dropped words, which he managed by shortening Jesus Christ on the same line to J. C. As soon as Campbell had read the proofs, he swept indignantly into the shop and commanded McCormick, "So long as you live, don't you ever diminish the Savior's name again. Put it all in." The puckish McCormick obeyed, and then some: he set Jesus H. Christ and printed up all the pamphlets.〔Smith (1994:332). See also R. Kent Rasmussen, "Wales McCormick", in ''Critical Companion to Mark Twain: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work'', Infobase Publishing, 2007, p. 786.〕〔Draper (1993) offers further details: the visit by Campbell to Hannibal took place in 1847, when Twain would have been 11 or 12 years old. The printing shop was the printing facility for the ''Hannibal Courier''. Avoiding "J. C." required three of 16 pages to be reset.〕
Smith suggests (1994:331-2) that "Jesus H. Christ" is a specifically American profanity,〔Quinion (2009), a British author, likewise specifies the phrase as belonging to American English.〕 and indicates that at least in his experience it is uttered primarily by men.
The frequency of use of the expression – in books only – may be traced on the Google Ngram Viewer utility. It appears to have been vanishingly rare in books up to about 1930, and began a sharp ascent in frequency starting in about 1970 and continuing to the present day.〔(Ngram Viewer link )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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